A Conversation with a Muslim about Paul, and why it matters

DAVID INGRAM

Not long ago, a Muslim reached out to me after seeing a comment I made opposing Islamic teachings. He approached me in a spirit of dawah, which is the Islamic practice of inviting others to learn about and accept Islam. Dawah is considered an important duty for many Muslims. I am not saying they could convince me to abandon our Lord. I’m being real here. Their belief is that sharing Islam’s message is a form of care for others. Yes, he was polite. He asked about my beliefs, and invited me to talk about his faith with respect and openness. I was, and still am, skeptical about him being up front with me, but perhaps I’m wrong? I spoke with him as honesty and respectful as I could, but did not backdown down from what I know to be true.

Over the course of our conversation, he raised several arguments meant to cast doubt on the reliability of the apostle Paul, and by extension, a large portion of the New Testament. I want to work through these points one at a time, starting with his very first argument. I’ll limit myself to that point only, and address others in the future.

He claimed Paul never met Jesus in person during Jesus’s earthly life. And since Paul had no direct, in-person relationship with Jesus while he walked the earth, he argued that Paul has no real connection to Jesus’s true teachings and should not be trusted as a source of Christian doctrine.

It’s a fair question to raise, and it deserves a real answer rather than a dismissal. I suggest Christians should learn to do this. When those opposed to our faith bring up questions, it is either an opportunity to show someone where they are in error, or a way to find areas of scripture we need to study up on. I say this because spreading the Gospel isn’t about winning argument. It is about spreading the message of Jesus. Saying, “I don’t know” isn’t the same as losing an argument. It is a way of finding holes in our Biblical knowledge. But, let’s not get off the path here. Back to his point. What’s the answer to his challenge?

It’s true that Paul did not walk with Jesus during his earthly ministry the way Peter, James, and John did. Paul says this himself. But the New Testament also records that Paul encountered the risen Jesus directly, on the road to Damascus. This wasn’t a rumor or a secondhand story Paul invented. It’s described in Acts and referenced by Paul in his own letters, including 1 Corinthians 9:1, where he asks, “Am I not an apostle? Have I not seen Jesus our Lord?”

This matters because Christianity has never claimed that only people who knew Jesus before his death and resurrection could speak with authority about him. In fact, the resurrection is the center of the Christian message. Paul met the resurrected Christ, and he says this encounter transformed him from a persecutor of the church into one of its most committed messengers. If the resurrection happened the way the Gospels describe it, then meeting Jesus after he rose is not a lesser encounter. It may be the most important one!

There’s also the matter of consistency. Paul’s letters were not accepted into Scripture on a whim. The early church recognized them as trustworthy because they lined up with what the apostles who did walk with Jesus were already teaching. Peter himself refers to Paul’s letters as Scripture in 2 Peter 3:15 to 16. That agreement matters.

So the argument that Paul has no link to Jesus’s true teachings does not hold up when we look at what Paul claimed and how the rest of the early church responded to him. A personal encounter with the risen Jesus, confirmed by the very apostles who walked with him in life.

This is just the first point the man raised. He had questions about Paul’s past, the details of his conversion story, and alleged claims about deception. I intend to address each of these in future articles. I hope my writings show respect and honesty. I believe truth can stand up to scrutiny. In fact, truth shines brightest when placed against a lie. I also want to make clear that I am not watering down his arguments. To do so would be to fight a straw man. God’s word stands on its own.

The same Greek word for temptation and trial reveals how believers respond to hardship

TEXAS GOSPEL VOLUNTEER

First Corinthians 10:13 promises that God will provide a way of escape from temptation so believers can endure it, a verse often used to comfort Christians facing difficulty. In the original Greek, the word for temptation and the word for trial are identical, and the distinction between them depends entirely on the believer’s response. .

When a difficulty leads someone to sin, that experience functions as a temptation that succeeded in producing sin. When the same difficulty is met with steadfast trust, prayer and reliance on God’s care, it functions instead as a trial that strengthens faith. The identical circumstance can therefore be classified either way depending on the outcome in a believer’s life.

Rather than viewing life’s hardships with dread, shouldn’t believers approach them as opportunities given by God to grow stronger and become more useful for his purposes?

Blessed is a man who perseveres under trial; for once he has been approved, he will receive the crown of life which the Lord has promised to those who love Him.

James 1:12

Being born of water and the spirit points back to Ezekiel’s new covenant promise

TEXAS GOSPEL VOLUNTEER

When Jesus tells Nicodemus in John 3 that he must be born again, and that entry into God’s kingdom requires being born of water and the spirit, the meaning has been misunderstood in more than one way over the years. Some have suggested the water refers to physical birth, while others have connected it to baptism paired with an internal spiritual rebirth. Neither interpretation fits the context of the conversation, and Nicodemus would not have understood either meaning from the words Jesus used.

The correct background lies in Ezekiel 36, a passage familiar to a teacher of Israel like Nicodemus. That Old Testament prophecy describes God removing a heart of stone, replacing it with a heart of flesh, and placing his own spirit within his people as part of the new covenant. Jesus draws directly on this imagery, explaining spiritual rebirth in terms Nicodemus should have already recognized from his knowledge of scripture rather than introducing an entirely new concept.

 Therefore if anyone is in Christ, this person is a new creation; the old things passed away; behold, new things have come.

2 Corinthians 5:17

The unmatched power of the blood of Christ

JEFF TURNER

There is nothing in all of creation that possesses the power of the blood of Jesus Christ.

The Hymn Nothing but the Blood of Jesus asks, “What can wash away my sin? The answer is not effort. It’s not our resolve or some religious ceremony. Nothing, and that word deserves to be held and examined, nothing but the blood of Jesus. What can make a person whole again? The same answer applies.

Think about a man whose life has unravelled completely, whose choices leave him with guilt and consequence. The blood of Jesus Christ can reach that man exactly where he is and cleanse him of every sin without qualification or exception.

A God of perfect justice would not allow injustice. But God, a God of mercy, made a way for justice to be satisfied through redemption paid for through the blood of Jesus. All one need do is accept his gift.

but if we walk in the Light as He Himself is in the Light, we have fellowship with one another, and the blood of Jesus His Son cleanses us from all sin.

1 John 1:7

Self-limitation in the incarnation

JEFF TURNER

When Jesus said that even he did not know the timing of his own return, leaving that knowledge solely with the Father, it raises a fair question about how this fits with his claimed equality with God.

Jesus repeatedly and explicitly claimed full equality with the Father throughout his ministry, a claim so clear that religious leaders of his day accused him of blasphemy. He backed up this claim through actions only God could perform.

In becoming human, Jesus voluntarily restricted the full exercise of his divine power, presence, and knowledge, confining himself to operate within human limitations for the duration of his earthly life. This was a temporary humbling, not an eternal diminishment, and after his resurrection he returned fully to the unrestricted glory and fellowship with the Father that he had always possessed.

It may be hard to grasp how God can be fully God and fully human at the same time. Yet many things about the physical world remain beyond our understanding, even ones we’re well aware of. Why assume nothing about God could be the same?

who, as He already existed in the form of God, did not consider equality with God something to be grasped, 7 but emptied Himself by taking the form of a bond-servant and being born in the likeness of men.

Philippians 2:6-7