When we come across Exodus 21:23–25, which states, “But if there is harm, then you shall pay life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, burn for burn, wound for wound, stripe for stripe” (ESV), it might seem like a call for personal vengeance. The notion of “eye for eye” can be misinterpreted as a justification for harsh retaliation when wronged.
However, it’s crucial to understand this verse within its broader context. In ancient times, these words were given to Moses to set boundaries on how severe retribution should be for certain offenses. The principle was intended to limit retaliation, not endorse it. It was about ensuring that punishment was proportional and not excessive.
To fully grasp this concept, we need to look at how Jesus redefined it in Matthew 5:38–39. Jesus acknowledges the old teaching of “an eye for an eye” but introduces a transformative perspective: “You have heard that it was said, ‘An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.’ But I say to you, Do not resist the one who is evil. But if anyone slaps you on the right cheek, turn to him the other also.” Jesus challenges us to move beyond mere justice to embody grace and forgiveness.
Jesus’ teaching shifts the focus from retribution to grace, showing that seeking vengeance reflects the sinful motives of our hearts. Instead, offering grace reveals the transformative power of Jesus in our lives. By choosing to forgive rather than retaliate, we offer a powerful testimony to the world of the love and mercy that Jesus embodies.
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